Design of the Lingnan Garden
嶺南庭園建築設計
Lay Out of the Lingnan Garden
造園佈局
Dongguan Keyuan Garden- Chuyue Pool Pavilion 東莞可園-雛月池館
Lingnan Garden focuses on practicality, so designers put much effort into designing a good drainage and ventilation system under hot and humid climates. For instance, Chuyue Pool Pavilion in Dongguan Keyuan uses many windows for shading. Besides, the Lingnan Garden is integrated with the residence, but the Jiangnan Garden is contrary. However, both architectural styles create a sense of infinity from a limited space.
嶺南庭園注重實用性，所以考慮到其地理位置和氣候處於日雨充沛、炎熱潮濕的狀況，設計師在設計庭園時花了不少心思在排水和通風方面。例如東莞可園內的雛月池館運用大量大窗，既能通風又能遮陽。此外，嶺南庭園與住宅合一，但江南庭園以休憩為主，將園宅分開，不過兩者的建築風格都是從有限的空間營造出無限的感覺。
Architectural Decoration
建築裝飾
Dongguan Keyuan Garden-Shuangqing Hall Window 東莞可園-雙清室玻璃窗
Foreign architectural features profoundly influence Lingnan Gardens. For example, the Manchurian window in the Big four Lingnan gardens was created along with a combination of traditional wooden frames and glass carvings that combine Chinese and western cultures. In addition, the brick carvings with bold colours and clear outlines are quoted on the door and window lintels and the design of the bottled handrails, which come with elements of European garden architecture. The Jiangnan Garden is relatively quiet and elegant with grey and white are primarily used in designing the garden in order to pursue a simple and tranquil feeling.
嶺南庭園深受外來建築特色所影響，例如在四大庭園內的「滿洲窗」便利用了傳統木框和套色玻璃雕刻所結合而成，在設計上融合了中外文化。此外，門楣和窗楣上引用大量用色大膽、輪廓分明的磚雕飾件及瓶裝扶欄等都是吸收了歐洲園林建築的元素結合而成。江南庭園則較為清幽淡雅，追求樸實寧靜的感覺，多用灰白二色，在用色上較嶺南庭園低調。
Pond
水池
Dongguan Keyuan Garden - Pond 東莞可園-水池
Water is the most crucial part of the garden scene, therefore even in the most miniature gardens, Foshan Liangyuan is not sloppy in designing the pool. The pool formed in a geometric shape is surrounded by fences or neat bricks, which shows the control and application of natural elements. On the contrary, Jiangnan Garden sees the pond as a natural lake, so the designer utilizes different stones, plants, and rockery to decorate the garden.
水在構成庭園景象是最重要的一環，即使在四大庭園內屬面積最小的佛山梁園在設計水池上也並不馬虎，池邊會用圍欄或整齊磚塊圍繞，呈成幾何形狀，展示出人對自然元素的控制和應用。相反，江南庭園將水池處理成天然湖泊，用大小石頭砌邊、花卉樹木點綴及假山擺設，藉此形成一幅自然的風景畫。
Pavilion
涼亭
Dongguan Keyuan Garden - “Small pavilion of Red”
東莞可園 - 擘紅小榭
The designer used his creativity to make the garden's layout unique in the limited space like Panyu Yuyum Sanfong built half of the pavilion on the wall to solve the problem of insufficient space. In addition, the pavilion is one of the essential parts of the garden, which completes the design of the Lingnan garden. The half pavilion turns out to become one of the representative buildings in Yuyum Sanfong.
在有限的空間內，設計師發揮其創意，令庭園的佈局更別具一格。番禺餘蔭山房把半邊涼亭鑲嵌在牆上，藉此解決了空間不足的問題，同時設計也注重原創性，把半邊亭融入庭園設計當中，令庭園的元素更齊全，半邊亭也成了餘蔭山房具代表性的建築之一。
Bridge and Promenade
橋和迴廊
Dongguan Keyuan Garden-Zhanming Bridge 東莞可園- 湛明橋
Lingnan Garden uses promenades, bridges, flower paths, and walls to connect the spaces to make the buildings more coherent and increase scenery.
The promenades are generally geometrically zigzag shapes, allowing people to walk through the entire garden. Moreover, it produces a good drainage and ventilation system to make the layout straightforward. In Jiangnan Gardens, the garden will use a wall or promenade to separate different areas in order to create the effect of "gardens within gardens."
嶺南庭園利用迴廊、橋，花徑及圍牆等串連空間，使建築物之間更連貫性，亦可增加風景的層次。迴廊普遍為幾何曲折形狀，令行人能在園內互相穿梭，使整體佈局更為透徹，也能產生良好的對流及通風設計。江南庭園則有“園必隔”的理論，例如會利用牆作實隔，迴廊作虛隔，達到園中有園的效果。
Reference 參考資料
李磷和鄭培凱(2007):《文化遺產與集體記憶:文化古蹟與集體記憶研討會議
文集(2007)》，桂林，廣西師範大學出版社
東莞可園博物館(沒有日期)，取至 https://www.dgkeyuan.org/
餘蔭山房(沒有日期)，取至 http://www.yuyinshanfang.com/
清暉園(沒有日期)，取至 http://www.qinghuiyuan.com/
梁明捷(2013)。嶺南古典園林風格研究(博士學位論文，華南理工大學)。
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